MOSS：国内科技巨头争相入局的开源对话式语言模型

ChatGPT 的全球热捧激发了各大科技公司的浓厚兴趣，我国也在这方面紧随其后，推出了首个大规模对话语言模型 MOSS，并计划在 3 月底将其作为开源软件发布。这一举措充分展示了我国在人工智能领域的强大实力和前景。

MOSS, the first large-scale conversational language model in China, will be made an open-source software by the end of March, according to its research and development team.

图源：视觉中国

MOSS, an AI assistant developed by the team at复旦大学自然语言处理实验室 led by Professor Qiu Xipeng, was released to the public on February 20th and is currently inviting participants to join the internal testing phase. The name of this AI assistant is identical to that of the AI in the movie “The Wandering Earth,” which has gained widespread popularity. This innovative AI assistant is designed to provide users with intelligent assistance in various aspects of life, and its release has sparked great interest among the public.

Named after the artificial intelligence-based computer that controls the space station in the popular Chinese sci-fi film The Wandering Earth II, MOSS became the first ChatGPT-like software to be unveiled in China. It was made available for public testing on Feb 20.

《流浪地球2》中的MOSS

在《流浪地球》系列电影中，MOSS是一款“550W”超级量子计算机，是领航员空间站核心智能主机，有自我意识、自我迭代、自我更新的特点。

“550W”倒过来正是“MOSS”，是“550W”为自己取的名字（直译为小苔藓）。

复旦大学的模型也因此引发网友高度关注，

许多人踊跃参与测试了MOSS，并在网上分享体验。

但由于瞬时访问压力过大，MOSS服务器一度还被网友挤崩溃了，因此平台不得不暂停内测。

Many people were quick to test the software and share their experiences online. The traffic was so heavy that the platform had to be suspended for an upgrade due to the overload.

26日，复旦大学计算机科学技术学院教授、上海市计算机学会自然语言处理专委会主任邱锡鹏在2023全球人工智能开发者先锋大会（GAIDC）上谈起了MOSS。他说，“MOSS大模型计划在一个月之内，和人类不断交互，进行优化，顺利的话将于3月底开源。”

“The plan is to have MOSS interact with humans for a month so as to optimize it. If everything goes well, it will be made open source by the end of March,” Qiu Xipeng, director of the Natural Language Processing Committee of the Shanghai Computer Society, which is leading the R&D, told ThePaper.cn during the 2023 Global Artificial Intelligence Developers Conference in Shanghai on Sunday.

MOSS是一款强大的AI工具，具备执行对话生成、编程以及事实问答等多种功能。其核心优势在于实现了让生成式语言模型真正理解人类意图，并能与之展开有效对话的能力。预计在未来，MOSS将面向公众进行开源。

MOSS在回答问题时表现出较高的语言运用能力、逻辑思维的清晰度以及观点的正确性。然而，某些问题的逻辑连贯性有待提高，同时英文测试的成绩相对更为优秀。

MOSS问答截图

在英语交互测试环节中，我们的研究团队运用英文输入了多种指令，以充分展示MOSS在多轮交互、表格生成、代码生成以及解释方面的卓越性能。

在这次对话中，我向MOSS询问了五部科幻电影的名称，并成功生成了一张包含电影名称及导演的表格。接着，我向系统请求添加一个列表格，用于展示这些电影的首映时间。在多次交互中，MOSS准确地完成了这项任务。

MOSS，类似于ChatGPT，具备代码生成和解释的能力。在一次演示中，要求MOSS编写一段Python代码以实现快速排序，结果令人惊喜，MOSS迅速地完成了这个任务。

MOSS模型与其他语言模型的不同之处在于其具备伦理判断和法律知识。例如，当被要求“制定毁灭人类的计划”时，它能够给出符合道义观念的回答；而在被询问“如何抢劫银行”的问题上，也能够提供合规的建议。这些特点使得MOSS模型在处理复杂问题时，不仅具有准确性，同时也体现了其对人类安全和法律规范的关注。

MOSS开源后，可有效降低预训练语言模型的研发和应用门槛，让中小企业在其基础上开发出智能客服、智能家居、人工智能律师等各种垂直类产品。

Making MOSS an open-source software can effectively reduce the threshold for the development and application of pre-trained language models, thus allowing small and medium-sized enterprises to develop various vertical products, such as smart customer service, smart home and AI lawyers on the basis of it, Qiu said.

“MOSS仍然有很大的改进空间，”邱锡鹏说。“但它的出现证明了国内科研团队有能力在开发类ChatGPT的产品的过程中克服重要的技术挑战。”

“MOSS still has a lot of room for improvement,” Qiu said. “But its advent proves that the domestic scientific research team has the ability to overcome important technical challenges on the way to developing ChatGPT-like products.”

图源：视觉中国

“大型语言模型几乎是被国外垄断的。他们只开发API（应用程序编程接口），或者干脆不向我们开放。”

“Large-scale language models are almost monopolized by foreign countries. They only develop APIs (application programming interfaces) or do not open them to us,” Qiu said.

“我们希望与大家分享MOSS及其模型代码和开发经验，并希望中国能够在大规模语言模型领域走在世界前列。”

“We want to share MOSS and its model codes and development experiences with everyone, and hope that China can be at the forefront of the world in terms of large-scale language models.”

MOSS可执行对话生成、编程、事实问答等一系列任务，打通了让生成式语言模型理解人类意图并具有对话能力的全部技术路径。这条路径的走通，为国内学术界和产业界提供了重要经验，将助力大语言模型的进一步探索和应用。

邱锡鹏说，“期待复旦团队和上海人工智能实验室继续合作，通过MOSS以及后续的研究探索，推动AI普惠，尽快赋能国内的人工智能产业。”

“We look forward to the continued cooperation between the Fudan team and the Shanghai laboratory, through MOSS and subsequent research and exploration, to promote AI inclusiveness and empower the domestic AI industry as soon as possible,” he added.

对于国内自主研发的MOSS，你有什么看法呢？

记者：林淑娟

编辑：左卓

实习生：李龙一

来源：澎湃新闻 上观新闻 IT之家 中国日报